Policy on the Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors should disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in preparing the article, beyond straightforward language correction, editing and formatting. If artificial intelligence was used in preparing the article, the section at the end of the results section must state which artificial intelligence tool was used, where it was used, and for what purpose.

Heading: Declaration on the Use of Generative AI and AI-assisted Technologies

Example: During the preparation of this article, the author(s) used [Name of the Tool / Service] in order to [Reason]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

Authors are responsible for checking the validity of the output of any automated tools used in their research and preparing their manuscript.

Automated tools cannot be credited as authors.

Generative AI cannot be cited as a source.

Do not upload unpublished data or personally identifiable information to AI tools. Check the terms of use.

Ensure no content infringing on intellectual property rights is uploaded to the AI tool.
The creation of AI-assisted images or figures is not permitted. Images may be modified, limited to basic adjustments such as brightness, contrast or colour balance.

Peer reviewers and editors should not use generative AI to create their assessments, due to risks such as breaches of confidentiality, superficial and non-specific feedback, bias, hidden prompts, and false information such as fake references; editing and rewriting may be acceptable if disclosed.

Our journal uses the Turnitin program to automatically detect integrity issues such as text similarity, figure manipulation or duplication, and the use of undisclosed generative artificial intelligence.